for the half working website see
http://members.lycos.co.uk/autumn1824/
Friday 12 December 2008
Monday 8 December 2008
Print Screen of Interactive Time Line
Hey Guys
Well done today i think we did a good job :)
This is a print screen of the time line made in Flash, Mark said to have this and then list the info underneath it for the portfolio.
Wishing you all the best of luck
-Beka x
My Presentation
Hi Beka
How are you?
HAPPY EID :D I hope well, im sorry for sending this late, but i couldn't send it before.here's my presentaion in words, as i couldn't record it.
My topic is about art, and as you can all see.I have done a research about 3 artists, Jackson Pollock, whom was was an influential American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionist movement. Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936, at an experimental workshop operated in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros. He later used paint pouring as one of several techniques in canvases of the early 1940s, such as "Male and Female" and "Composition with Pouring I." After his move to Springs, he began painting with his canvases laid out on the studio floor, and developed what was later called his "drip" technique. The drip technique required paint with a fluid viscosity so Pollock turned to then new synthetic resin-based paints, called alkyd enamels. Pollock described this use of household paints, instead of artist's paints, as "a natural growth out of a need". He used hardened brushes, sticks and even basting syringes as paint applicators. Pollock's technique of pouring and dripping paint is thought to be one of the origins of the term action painting. With this technique, Pollock was able to achieve a more immediate means of creating art, the paint now literally flowing from his chosen tool onto the canvas. By defying the conventional way of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension, literally, by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions.
And I have done a research about Picasso as well, was an Andalusian-Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. As one of the most recognized figures in twentieth-century art, he is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, Guernica (1937). Picasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1905–1907), the African-influenced Period (1908–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919). In 1939–40 the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, under its director Alfred Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, held a major and highly successful retrospective of his principal works up until that time. This exhibition lionized the artist, brought into full public view in America the scope of his artistry, and resulted in a reinterpretation of his work by contemporary art historians and scholars.
And my last research was about Marcel Duchamp whom was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. Duchamp's output influenced the development of post-World War I Western art. He advised modern art collectors, such as Peggy Guggenheim and other prominent figures, thereby helping to shape the tastes of Western art during this period. A playful man, Duchamp prodded thought about artistic processes and art marketing, not so much with words, but with actions such as dubbing a urinal "art" and naming it Fountain. He produced relatively few artworks as he quickly moved through the avant-garde rhythms of his time. Duchamp's early art works align with Post-Impressionist styles. He experimented with classical techniques and subjects, as well as Cubism and Fauvism. When he was later asked about what influenced him at the time, Duchamp cited the work of Symbolist painter Odilon Redon, whose approach to art was not outwardly anti-academic, but quietly individual.
-- Fatima
How are you?
HAPPY EID :D I hope well, im sorry for sending this late, but i couldn't send it before.here's my presentaion in words, as i couldn't record it.
My topic is about art, and as you can all see.I have done a research about 3 artists, Jackson Pollock, whom was was an influential American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionist movement. Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936, at an experimental workshop operated in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros. He later used paint pouring as one of several techniques in canvases of the early 1940s, such as "Male and Female" and "Composition with Pouring I." After his move to Springs, he began painting with his canvases laid out on the studio floor, and developed what was later called his "drip" technique. The drip technique required paint with a fluid viscosity so Pollock turned to then new synthetic resin-based paints, called alkyd enamels. Pollock described this use of household paints, instead of artist's paints, as "a natural growth out of a need". He used hardened brushes, sticks and even basting syringes as paint applicators. Pollock's technique of pouring and dripping paint is thought to be one of the origins of the term action painting. With this technique, Pollock was able to achieve a more immediate means of creating art, the paint now literally flowing from his chosen tool onto the canvas. By defying the conventional way of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension, literally, by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions.
And I have done a research about Picasso as well, was an Andalusian-Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. As one of the most recognized figures in twentieth-century art, he is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, Guernica (1937). Picasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1905–1907), the African-influenced Period (1908–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919). In 1939–40 the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, under its director Alfred Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, held a major and highly successful retrospective of his principal works up until that time. This exhibition lionized the artist, brought into full public view in America the scope of his artistry, and resulted in a reinterpretation of his work by contemporary art historians and scholars.
And my last research was about Marcel Duchamp whom was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. Duchamp's output influenced the development of post-World War I Western art. He advised modern art collectors, such as Peggy Guggenheim and other prominent figures, thereby helping to shape the tastes of Western art during this period. A playful man, Duchamp prodded thought about artistic processes and art marketing, not so much with words, but with actions such as dubbing a urinal "art" and naming it Fountain. He produced relatively few artworks as he quickly moved through the avant-garde rhythms of his time. Duchamp's early art works align with Post-Impressionist styles. He experimented with classical techniques and subjects, as well as Cubism and Fauvism. When he was later asked about what influenced him at the time, Duchamp cited the work of Symbolist painter Odilon Redon, whose approach to art was not outwardly anti-academic, but quietly individual.
-- Fatima
Sunday 7 December 2008
Friday 5 December 2008
Timeline info. However there are gaps!!! :S - Beka
1910
King Edward VII died.
Famous and memorable black Ascot meeting
Lucian Bernhard designs CEG posers for German power company
1911
King George V is crowned at Westminster.
Lucan Bernhad designs trademark for Manoli cigarettes
Georges Braque - During World War II Braque remained in Paris. His paintings at that time, primarily still life’s and interiors, became more somber. In addition to paintings, Braque also made lithographs, engravings, and sculptures.
1912
Wassily Kandinsky - The artist named this period of his creativity to be "really a picturesque fairy tale". During the war-time period because of the shortage of materials the formats of his pictures become ever less, up to that moment when the artist was compelled to be content with gouache painting on cardboards of a small format.
1913
Suffragette Emily Davison runs out in front of the Kings horses at Epson.
Hemlines started to show a little ankle.
American magazine begins using colour in advertising
Franz Marc - Marc entered the army when World War I broke out. He stopped painting, but he kept a sketchbook in which he depicted problems of growth, such as Plant Life Coming into Being and Arsenal for Creation. On March 4, 1916, he was killed at Verdun.
1914
Cyrprus is annexed by Britain after four centuries of Ottoman rule.
Ludwig Holwein designs Red Cross fund-raising poster.
Marsden Hartley - “I am not a ‘book of the month’ artist and do not paint pretty pictures; but when I am no longer here my name will register forever in the history of American Art and so that’s something too.” — Marsden Hartley
1915
lucian bernhard designs German 'Das Groshere Deutschland' periodical cover
Alexander Archipenko - It is generally agreed that Archipenko did his best work between 1910 and 1920. He was so dexterous that much of his sculpture appears facile. This is particularly true of his later work, in which he often appears to be straining for novelty and effect. For instance, in 1924 he started using motors to cause parts of the sculpture to move; he called this genre "Archipentura." His later sculpture is more complicated and decorative, and he seems to have been distracted by superficialities such as color.
1916
David Lloyd George takes over the Liberal party making him Prime-minister.
Edwina Dumm becomes one of he first women editorial cartoonists
Jean (Hans) Arp - His sculpture in the round, like the wooden reliefs, is curving and vaguely suggests the world of nature, such as hills, clouds, or part of a torso, rather than the world of machines. Arp always brought his material, the stone or bronze, to a high degree of finish. He described his sculpture as "concretions." "Concretion," he wrote, "designates solidification, the mass of the stone, the plant, the animal, the man. Concretion is something that has grown."
1917
The Russian revolution began.
Dada artists produce periodicals and books that influence the New Typography
Jacques Lipchitz - His subsequent works were modest in intent and composed of "found objects," frequently incorporated with clay, the whole then being cast in bronze. He also executed portraits.
1918
Coco channel started producing TWINSETS
Grand Duchess Elizabeth died
London Underground symbol is redesigned by Edward Johnston
Max Beckmann - Beckmann's style in the immediate postwar period appears to have been affected primarily by German Gothic art. Its compressed space was well suited to his increasingly philosophical and poetic compositions. The powerful color and roughhewn forms of the Gothic also appealed to Beckmann. Among the paintings of this period the most important is Night (1918-1919)
1919
The IRA is formed in Ireland
El Lissitzky designs 'Beat the whites with the red wedge' poster
Fernand Henri Léger - Léger served in the military from 1914 to 1917. His “mechanical” period, in which figures and objects are characterized by tubular, machinelike forms, began in 1917. During the early 1920s he collaborated with the writer Blaise Cendrars on films and designed sets and costumes for performances by Rolf de Maré’s Ballets Suédois; in 1924 he completed his first film, Ballet mécanique, which was neither abstract nor narrative but a series of seemingly unrelated images (a woman’s teeth and lips, machines, ordinary objects, and routine human activities).
1920
(Coco) WIDE LEGGED TROUSERS for woman. (Based on bell bottoms)
Oskar Schlemmer is appointed Bauhaus Master of Form
Hannah Hoch - Though her work was not acclaimed after the war as it had been before the rise of the Third Reich, she continued to produce her photomontages and to exhibit them internationally until her death. In her work, she used photos, other paper objects, pieces of machines and various other objects to produce images, usually quite large.
1921
Ireland is split leaving Northan Ireland still under British rule but the rest of Ireland independant
Camel cigarette ad 'I'd walk a mile for a camel' is created by N.W.Ayer & Son
Stuart Davis - Exposed at this exhibition to the work of such artists as Vincent van Gogh and Pablo Picasso, Davis became a committed "modern" artist and a major exponent of cubism and modernism in America
1922
The conservative party win the general election making Andrew Bonar Law prime-minister
(Coco) wider generously cut BEACH PJAMAS
Oskar Schlemmer designs the Bauhaus seal
Paul Klee - Major Klee exhibitions took place in Bern and Basel in 1935 and in Zurich in 1940.
1923
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (the Queen Mother) were married
El Lissitzky publishes 'Topography of Typography
Naum Gabo - In 1913 Gabo went to Paris to see Pevsner, who had a studio there and who introduced him to friends involved in the modern movement in art. Gabo and Pevsner went to Oslo after World War I was declared, and there, in 1915, Gabo made his first sculptures. These pieces were cubist. He used sheet metal and celluloid to build abstract likenesses of human beings; one example is his Head of a Woman (1916), composed of opaque celluloid cut, bent, and attached to a flat plane to become a high relief extending from a flat surface.
1924
For a brief period Ramsay MacDonald from the Labour party became prime-minister making him the first Labour prime-minister for over 200 years.
Austin Cooper designs collage-like London Electric Railway posters
Samuel Peploe - Samuel John Peploe (27 January 1871 - 11 October 1935) was a Scottish Post-Impressionist painter, noted for his still life works and for being one of the group of four painters that became known as the Scottish Colourists.
1925
Queen Alexandra died
BRASSERIERS became adjustable and have division between breasts. By late 20’s Kestro Company made 2 triangle pieces of fabric with a dart at the front creating the ‘cup’. By late 30’s Boning was introduced.
The 'New Yorker' magazine launches, declaring itself "not for the old lady from Dubuque"
Edward Weston - Weston had his own portrait studio in Tropico, California and also began to have articles published in magazines such as American Photography, Photo Era and Photo-Miniature where his article entitled "Weston's Methods" on unconventional portraiture appeared in September, 1917.
1940
The Battle of Britain begins, as German bomber planes begin attacking British airfields
Winston Churchill takes over the Conservative party from Neville Chamberlain making him prime-minister
The first issue of Print magazine was printed
1941
Adolf Hitler declares war on the United States
Prince William of Gloucester is born
1942
Over 1000 British bombers attack Cologne, Germany, devastating 600 acres, including hundreds of factories, and leaving 45,000 homeless
Prince George Edward Alexander died
1943
The British 8th Army begins landing on Italy, across the Strait of Messina, from Sicily
Alvin Lustig 'Duration Apartment'
1944
The final British bombing in the Battle of Berlin is made. Of 811 bombers, 71 are shot down, killing 392 crew members. Since August 1943, 10,000 sorties were flown, dropping 30,000 tons of bombs. The British official history considers the battle an operational defeat for Britain
Prince Richard Alexander Walter George, Duke of Gloucester was born
Herdeg Grahis 1st issue
1945
German armed forces surrender unconditionally to the Allies
Labour win the vote making Clement Attlee prime-minister
CCA Allied Nations advertisements
1946
1947
Princess Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Ruder and Hoffman join Basel school of Design
1948
The Welfare State is officially set up (NHS)
Matter design for Knoll
1949
Advertisements Skyrocketed with the increase in products introduces into the market in the US as the war ends.
1950
August-Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise was born
CCA Great Ideas ad
1951
Sir Winston Churchill and the Conservatives win the general election again
1952-
February-King George VI died.
1953-
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
Stankauski designs AG logo
1954-
Frutier designs Univers typeface
1955-
Sir Winston Churchill retires due to ill health, leaving Sir Anthony Eden to take over as prime-minster.
King Edward VII died.
Famous and memorable black Ascot meeting
Lucian Bernhard designs CEG posers for German power company
1911
King George V is crowned at Westminster.
Lucan Bernhad designs trademark for Manoli cigarettes
Georges Braque - During World War II Braque remained in Paris. His paintings at that time, primarily still life’s and interiors, became more somber. In addition to paintings, Braque also made lithographs, engravings, and sculptures.
1912
Wassily Kandinsky - The artist named this period of his creativity to be "really a picturesque fairy tale". During the war-time period because of the shortage of materials the formats of his pictures become ever less, up to that moment when the artist was compelled to be content with gouache painting on cardboards of a small format.
1913
Suffragette Emily Davison runs out in front of the Kings horses at Epson.
Hemlines started to show a little ankle.
American magazine begins using colour in advertising
Franz Marc - Marc entered the army when World War I broke out. He stopped painting, but he kept a sketchbook in which he depicted problems of growth, such as Plant Life Coming into Being and Arsenal for Creation. On March 4, 1916, he was killed at Verdun.
1914
Cyrprus is annexed by Britain after four centuries of Ottoman rule.
Ludwig Holwein designs Red Cross fund-raising poster.
Marsden Hartley - “I am not a ‘book of the month’ artist and do not paint pretty pictures; but when I am no longer here my name will register forever in the history of American Art and so that’s something too.” — Marsden Hartley
1915
lucian bernhard designs German 'Das Groshere Deutschland' periodical cover
Alexander Archipenko - It is generally agreed that Archipenko did his best work between 1910 and 1920. He was so dexterous that much of his sculpture appears facile. This is particularly true of his later work, in which he often appears to be straining for novelty and effect. For instance, in 1924 he started using motors to cause parts of the sculpture to move; he called this genre "Archipentura." His later sculpture is more complicated and decorative, and he seems to have been distracted by superficialities such as color.
1916
David Lloyd George takes over the Liberal party making him Prime-minister.
Edwina Dumm becomes one of he first women editorial cartoonists
Jean (Hans) Arp - His sculpture in the round, like the wooden reliefs, is curving and vaguely suggests the world of nature, such as hills, clouds, or part of a torso, rather than the world of machines. Arp always brought his material, the stone or bronze, to a high degree of finish. He described his sculpture as "concretions." "Concretion," he wrote, "designates solidification, the mass of the stone, the plant, the animal, the man. Concretion is something that has grown."
1917
The Russian revolution began.
Dada artists produce periodicals and books that influence the New Typography
Jacques Lipchitz - His subsequent works were modest in intent and composed of "found objects," frequently incorporated with clay, the whole then being cast in bronze. He also executed portraits.
1918
Coco channel started producing TWINSETS
Grand Duchess Elizabeth died
London Underground symbol is redesigned by Edward Johnston
Max Beckmann - Beckmann's style in the immediate postwar period appears to have been affected primarily by German Gothic art. Its compressed space was well suited to his increasingly philosophical and poetic compositions. The powerful color and roughhewn forms of the Gothic also appealed to Beckmann. Among the paintings of this period the most important is Night (1918-1919)
1919
The IRA is formed in Ireland
El Lissitzky designs 'Beat the whites with the red wedge' poster
Fernand Henri Léger - Léger served in the military from 1914 to 1917. His “mechanical” period, in which figures and objects are characterized by tubular, machinelike forms, began in 1917. During the early 1920s he collaborated with the writer Blaise Cendrars on films and designed sets and costumes for performances by Rolf de Maré’s Ballets Suédois; in 1924 he completed his first film, Ballet mécanique, which was neither abstract nor narrative but a series of seemingly unrelated images (a woman’s teeth and lips, machines, ordinary objects, and routine human activities).
1920
(Coco) WIDE LEGGED TROUSERS for woman. (Based on bell bottoms)
Oskar Schlemmer is appointed Bauhaus Master of Form
Hannah Hoch - Though her work was not acclaimed after the war as it had been before the rise of the Third Reich, she continued to produce her photomontages and to exhibit them internationally until her death. In her work, she used photos, other paper objects, pieces of machines and various other objects to produce images, usually quite large.
1921
Ireland is split leaving Northan Ireland still under British rule but the rest of Ireland independant
Camel cigarette ad 'I'd walk a mile for a camel' is created by N.W.Ayer & Son
Stuart Davis - Exposed at this exhibition to the work of such artists as Vincent van Gogh and Pablo Picasso, Davis became a committed "modern" artist and a major exponent of cubism and modernism in America
1922
The conservative party win the general election making Andrew Bonar Law prime-minister
(Coco) wider generously cut BEACH PJAMAS
Oskar Schlemmer designs the Bauhaus seal
Paul Klee - Major Klee exhibitions took place in Bern and Basel in 1935 and in Zurich in 1940.
1923
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (the Queen Mother) were married
El Lissitzky publishes 'Topography of Typography
Naum Gabo - In 1913 Gabo went to Paris to see Pevsner, who had a studio there and who introduced him to friends involved in the modern movement in art. Gabo and Pevsner went to Oslo after World War I was declared, and there, in 1915, Gabo made his first sculptures. These pieces were cubist. He used sheet metal and celluloid to build abstract likenesses of human beings; one example is his Head of a Woman (1916), composed of opaque celluloid cut, bent, and attached to a flat plane to become a high relief extending from a flat surface.
1924
For a brief period Ramsay MacDonald from the Labour party became prime-minister making him the first Labour prime-minister for over 200 years.
Austin Cooper designs collage-like London Electric Railway posters
Samuel Peploe - Samuel John Peploe (27 January 1871 - 11 October 1935) was a Scottish Post-Impressionist painter, noted for his still life works and for being one of the group of four painters that became known as the Scottish Colourists.
1925
Queen Alexandra died
BRASSERIERS became adjustable and have division between breasts. By late 20’s Kestro Company made 2 triangle pieces of fabric with a dart at the front creating the ‘cup’. By late 30’s Boning was introduced.
The 'New Yorker' magazine launches, declaring itself "not for the old lady from Dubuque"
Edward Weston - Weston had his own portrait studio in Tropico, California and also began to have articles published in magazines such as American Photography, Photo Era and Photo-Miniature where his article entitled "Weston's Methods" on unconventional portraiture appeared in September, 1917.
1940
The Battle of Britain begins, as German bomber planes begin attacking British airfields
Winston Churchill takes over the Conservative party from Neville Chamberlain making him prime-minister
The first issue of Print magazine was printed
1941
Adolf Hitler declares war on the United States
Prince William of Gloucester is born
1942
Over 1000 British bombers attack Cologne, Germany, devastating 600 acres, including hundreds of factories, and leaving 45,000 homeless
Prince George Edward Alexander died
1943
The British 8th Army begins landing on Italy, across the Strait of Messina, from Sicily
Alvin Lustig 'Duration Apartment'
1944
The final British bombing in the Battle of Berlin is made. Of 811 bombers, 71 are shot down, killing 392 crew members. Since August 1943, 10,000 sorties were flown, dropping 30,000 tons of bombs. The British official history considers the battle an operational defeat for Britain
Prince Richard Alexander Walter George, Duke of Gloucester was born
Herdeg Grahis 1st issue
1945
German armed forces surrender unconditionally to the Allies
Labour win the vote making Clement Attlee prime-minister
CCA Allied Nations advertisements
1946
1947
Princess Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Ruder and Hoffman join Basel school of Design
1948
The Welfare State is officially set up (NHS)
Matter design for Knoll
1949
Advertisements Skyrocketed with the increase in products introduces into the market in the US as the war ends.
1950
August-Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise was born
CCA Great Ideas ad
1951
Sir Winston Churchill and the Conservatives win the general election again
1952-
February-King George VI died.
1953-
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
Stankauski designs AG logo
1954-
Frutier designs Univers typeface
1955-
Sir Winston Churchill retires due to ill health, leaving Sir Anthony Eden to take over as prime-minster.
Fatima 1940-1955
1940
Jacob Lawrence
Jacob Lawrence (1917-2000) was an African-American painter whose works depict his passionate concern for the plight of his people.
www.topblacks.com/arts/jacob-lawrence.htm
www.topblacks.com/Profiles/Arts/Lawrence,-Jacob.aspx
www.rogallery.com/lawrence_jacob/lawrencej-biography.htm
1941
Albin Polasek
Albin Polasek (1879 - May 19, 1965) was a Czech-American sculptor and educator. He created more than four hundred works during his career, two hundred of which are now displayed in the Albin Polasek Museum and Sculpture Gardens in Winter Park, Florida.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cb-sower2.jpg
www.polasek.org/artman/publish/about_albin.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albin_Polasek_House_and_Studio
orlando.about.com/od/museums/a/albinpolasek.htm
1942
Paul-Émile Borduas
Paul-Émile Borduas (November 1, 1905 - February 22, 1960) was a Canadian painter known for his abstract paintings. He was also an activist for the separation of church and state, especially for art, in Quebec.
In 1955 he moved back to Paris where he died of a heart attack in 1960.
http://cybermuse.gallery.ca/cybermuse/search/artwork_e.jsp?mkey=41993
www.exalead.com/wikipedia/results/Paul-%C3%89mile www.wcities.com/en/record/,271243/612/record.html
http://cybermuse.gallery.ca/cybermuse/search/artwork_zoom_e.jsp?mkey=8752
1943
Paul Cadmus
Paul Cadmus (December 17, 1904 - December 12, 1999) was an artist born in New York City. He is best known for his paintings and drawings of nude male figures. His works combined elements of eroticism and social critique to produce a style often called magic realism. He painted with egg tempera, a medium which had been associated with Greek icons.
www.answers.com/topic/cadmus-paul
www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/cadmus_paul.html
www.glbtq.com/arts/cadmus_p.html
www.aaa.si.edu/exhibits/pastexhibits/piano/cadmus.htm
1944
Frida Kahlo
Her paintings, rooted in 19th-century Mexican portraiture, ingeniously incorporated elements of Mexican pop culture and pre-Columbian primitivism that, in the 1930s, had never been done before. Usually small, intimate paintings that contrasted with the grand mural tradition of her time, her work was often done on sheet metal rather than canvas, in the style of Mexican street artists who painted retablos, or small votive paintings that offer thanks to the Virgin Mary or a saint for a miraculous deliverance from misfortune.
Frida let out all of her emotions on a canvas. She painted her anger and hurt over her stormy marriage, the painful miscarriages, and the physical suffering she underwent because of the accident.
http://www.answers.com/topic/frida-kahlo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Kahlo
www.brain-juice.com/cgi-bin/show_bio.cgi?p_id=19
1945
David Alfaro Siqueiros
David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974), one of the great Mexican mural painters, introduced technical innovations in his murals and easel paintings.
http://www.rogallery.com/siquieros_david_alfaro/w-33/siqueiros-self_portrait.html
olvera-street.com/html/_siqueiros_.html
artscenecal.com/ArticlesFile/Archive/.../Articles0597/DASiqueiros.html
1946
Francis Bacon
Bacon never attended art school, he began to draw and work in watercolor. Upon his return to London in 1929, he established himself as a furniture designer and interior designer. In the fall of that year he began to use oils and exhibited a few paintings as well as furniture and rugs in his studio. His work was included in a group exhibition in London at the Mayor Gallery in 1933. In 1934, the artist organized his own first solo show at Sunderland House, London, which he called Transition Gallery for the occasion. He participated in a group show at Thomas Agnew and Sons, London in 1937.
The artist died April 28, 1992, in Madrid.
http://www.artquotes.net/masters/bacon_biography.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(painter)
1947
Alberto Giacometti
Alberto Giacometti was born on 10th October 1901 in Borgonovo in Val Bregaglia to Giovanni, a neo-impressionist painter, and Annetta Stampa. http://www.answers.com/topic/alberto-giacometti
http://albertogiacometti.tripod.com/giacometti-biography.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti
1948
Andrew Wyeth
Andrew Wyeth (born 1917) remains one of the most popular American painters of his time. His paintings, meticulously rendered, convey a deep sympathy for people and a sense of the hardness and brevity of life.
http://www.essortment.com/all/biographyandrew_rgwd.htm
http://www.bpib.com/illustrat/wyeth.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wyeth
1949
Salvador Dalí
In 1923, in Madrid, at the Residencia de Estudiantes, Dalí met the poet Federico García Lorca who promptly fell in love with him. A close and passionate friendship developed in the following years. In the summer of 1927 Lorca twice tried physical intimacy with a somewhat complacent Dalí. He, nevertheless, became fearful of the homo-erotic aspects of the friendship and distanced himself of Lorca in 1928.
In a relatively recent retrospective at the Tate Modern in Britain, a panel declared that Salvador Dali had designed the Tarot Cards in "Let Live and Let Die".
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0198557/bio
http://www.answers.com/topic/salvador-dali
http://www.3d-dali.com/gallery-III.html
1950
Jackson Pollock
With the advent of the New Deal's work-relief projects, Pollock and many of his contemporaries were able to work as artists on the federal payroll. Under government aegis, Pollock enrolled in the easel division of the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project, which provided him with a source of income for nearly eight years and enabled him to devote himself to artistic development. Some of Pollock's WPA paintings are now lost, but those that survive--together with other canvases, drawings and prints made during this period--illustrate his complex synthesis of source material and the gradual emergence of a deeply personal pictorial language. By the early 1940s, Native American motifs and other pictographic imagery played a central role in his compositions, marking the beginnings of a mature style.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Pollock
http://www.answers.com/topic/jackson-pollock
http://www.jackson-pollock.com/biography.html
1951
Barnett Newman
Barnett Newman was an American artist. He is seen as one of the major figures in abstract expressionism and one of the foremost of the color field painters.
1952
Willem de Kooning
Willem de Kooning (1904-1997) is widely considered to be one of the greatest Abstract Expressionist painters of the post-World War II period, his dominance rivaled perhaps only by Jackson Pollock. Remembered for his large canvases as well as the controversial melding of both abstract and figurative imagery, de Kooning lived much longer than his contemporaries, many of whom had untimely deaths. The group of painters that would be identified as the New York School was made up of de Kooning and contemporaries such as Arshile Gorky and Edgar Denby, and they helped to establish New York City’s reputation as a center for artistic activity. http://www.answers.com/topic/willem-de-kooning
http://www.zappa-analysis.com/kooning/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning
1953
jean dubuffet
Dubuffet was born in 1901 in Le Havre. In 1918 he went to Paris where he gave up his course in painting at the Académie Julian after six months and started working on his own. He knew the painters Dufy and Leger and both had some influence on his otherwise 'self-taught' approach to art. By 1924 he had given up painting entirely and instead concentrated on running a wine business.
http://www.artnet.com/artwork/425470877/488/jean-dubuffet-fougere-au-chapeau.html
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/dubuffet_jean.html
http://www.dubuffetfondation.com/bio_set_ang.htm
1954
Jasper Johns
Jasper Johns (born 1930), American painter and sculptor, helped break the hold of abstract expressionism on modern American art and cleared the way for pop art. Versatile in several different artistic fields, he has given the world sculptures, lithographs, and prints, as well as paintings.
http://www.leninimports.com/jasper_johns_bio.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper_Johns
1955
Oswaldo Guayasamín
He showed an early love for art. He created a Pan-American portrait of human and social inequalities which reached international recognition.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswaldo_Guayasam%C3%ADn
www.nashvillescene.com/2008-02-21/arts/the-view-from-the-equator
Jacob Lawrence
Jacob Lawrence (1917-2000) was an African-American painter whose works depict his passionate concern for the plight of his people.
www.topblacks.com/arts/jacob-lawrence.htm
www.topblacks.com/Profiles/Arts/Lawrence,-Jacob.aspx
www.rogallery.com/lawrence_jacob/lawrencej-biography.htm
1941
Albin Polasek
Albin Polasek (1879 - May 19, 1965) was a Czech-American sculptor and educator. He created more than four hundred works during his career, two hundred of which are now displayed in the Albin Polasek Museum and Sculpture Gardens in Winter Park, Florida.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cb-sower2.jpg
www.polasek.org/artman/publish/about_albin.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albin_Polasek_House_and_Studio
orlando.about.com/od/museums/a/albinpolasek.htm
1942
Paul-Émile Borduas
Paul-Émile Borduas (November 1, 1905 - February 22, 1960) was a Canadian painter known for his abstract paintings. He was also an activist for the separation of church and state, especially for art, in Quebec.
In 1955 he moved back to Paris where he died of a heart attack in 1960.
http://cybermuse.gallery.ca/cybermuse/search/artwork_e.jsp?mkey=41993
www.exalead.com/wikipedia/results/Paul-%C3%89mile www.wcities.com/en/record/,271243/612/record.html
http://cybermuse.gallery.ca/cybermuse/search/artwork_zoom_e.jsp?mkey=8752
1943
Paul Cadmus
Paul Cadmus (December 17, 1904 - December 12, 1999) was an artist born in New York City. He is best known for his paintings and drawings of nude male figures. His works combined elements of eroticism and social critique to produce a style often called magic realism. He painted with egg tempera, a medium which had been associated with Greek icons.
www.answers.com/topic/cadmus-paul
www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/cadmus_paul.html
www.glbtq.com/arts/cadmus_p.html
www.aaa.si.edu/exhibits/pastexhibits/piano/cadmus.htm
1944
Frida Kahlo
Her paintings, rooted in 19th-century Mexican portraiture, ingeniously incorporated elements of Mexican pop culture and pre-Columbian primitivism that, in the 1930s, had never been done before. Usually small, intimate paintings that contrasted with the grand mural tradition of her time, her work was often done on sheet metal rather than canvas, in the style of Mexican street artists who painted retablos, or small votive paintings that offer thanks to the Virgin Mary or a saint for a miraculous deliverance from misfortune.
Frida let out all of her emotions on a canvas. She painted her anger and hurt over her stormy marriage, the painful miscarriages, and the physical suffering she underwent because of the accident.
http://www.answers.com/topic/frida-kahlo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Kahlo
www.brain-juice.com/cgi-bin/show_bio.cgi?p_id=19
1945
David Alfaro Siqueiros
David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974), one of the great Mexican mural painters, introduced technical innovations in his murals and easel paintings.
http://www.rogallery.com/siquieros_david_alfaro/w-33/siqueiros-self_portrait.html
olvera-street.com/html/_siqueiros_.html
artscenecal.com/ArticlesFile/Archive/.../Articles0597/DASiqueiros.html
1946
Francis Bacon
Bacon never attended art school, he began to draw and work in watercolor. Upon his return to London in 1929, he established himself as a furniture designer and interior designer. In the fall of that year he began to use oils and exhibited a few paintings as well as furniture and rugs in his studio. His work was included in a group exhibition in London at the Mayor Gallery in 1933. In 1934, the artist organized his own first solo show at Sunderland House, London, which he called Transition Gallery for the occasion. He participated in a group show at Thomas Agnew and Sons, London in 1937.
The artist died April 28, 1992, in Madrid.
http://www.artquotes.net/masters/bacon_biography.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(painter)
1947
Alberto Giacometti
Alberto Giacometti was born on 10th October 1901 in Borgonovo in Val Bregaglia to Giovanni, a neo-impressionist painter, and Annetta Stampa. http://www.answers.com/topic/alberto-giacometti
http://albertogiacometti.tripod.com/giacometti-biography.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti
1948
Andrew Wyeth
Andrew Wyeth (born 1917) remains one of the most popular American painters of his time. His paintings, meticulously rendered, convey a deep sympathy for people and a sense of the hardness and brevity of life.
http://www.essortment.com/all/biographyandrew_rgwd.htm
http://www.bpib.com/illustrat/wyeth.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wyeth
1949
Salvador Dalí
In 1923, in Madrid, at the Residencia de Estudiantes, Dalí met the poet Federico García Lorca who promptly fell in love with him. A close and passionate friendship developed in the following years. In the summer of 1927 Lorca twice tried physical intimacy with a somewhat complacent Dalí. He, nevertheless, became fearful of the homo-erotic aspects of the friendship and distanced himself of Lorca in 1928.
In a relatively recent retrospective at the Tate Modern in Britain, a panel declared that Salvador Dali had designed the Tarot Cards in "Let Live and Let Die".
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0198557/bio
http://www.answers.com/topic/salvador-dali
http://www.3d-dali.com/gallery-III.html
1950
Jackson Pollock
With the advent of the New Deal's work-relief projects, Pollock and many of his contemporaries were able to work as artists on the federal payroll. Under government aegis, Pollock enrolled in the easel division of the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project, which provided him with a source of income for nearly eight years and enabled him to devote himself to artistic development. Some of Pollock's WPA paintings are now lost, but those that survive--together with other canvases, drawings and prints made during this period--illustrate his complex synthesis of source material and the gradual emergence of a deeply personal pictorial language. By the early 1940s, Native American motifs and other pictographic imagery played a central role in his compositions, marking the beginnings of a mature style.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Pollock
http://www.answers.com/topic/jackson-pollock
http://www.jackson-pollock.com/biography.html
1951
Barnett Newman
Barnett Newman was an American artist. He is seen as one of the major figures in abstract expressionism and one of the foremost of the color field painters.
1952
Willem de Kooning
Willem de Kooning (1904-1997) is widely considered to be one of the greatest Abstract Expressionist painters of the post-World War II period, his dominance rivaled perhaps only by Jackson Pollock. Remembered for his large canvases as well as the controversial melding of both abstract and figurative imagery, de Kooning lived much longer than his contemporaries, many of whom had untimely deaths. The group of painters that would be identified as the New York School was made up of de Kooning and contemporaries such as Arshile Gorky and Edgar Denby, and they helped to establish New York City’s reputation as a center for artistic activity. http://www.answers.com/topic/willem-de-kooning
http://www.zappa-analysis.com/kooning/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning
1953
jean dubuffet
Dubuffet was born in 1901 in Le Havre. In 1918 he went to Paris where he gave up his course in painting at the Académie Julian after six months and started working on his own. He knew the painters Dufy and Leger and both had some influence on his otherwise 'self-taught' approach to art. By 1924 he had given up painting entirely and instead concentrated on running a wine business.
http://www.artnet.com/artwork/425470877/488/jean-dubuffet-fougere-au-chapeau.html
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/dubuffet_jean.html
http://www.dubuffetfondation.com/bio_set_ang.htm
1954
Jasper Johns
Jasper Johns (born 1930), American painter and sculptor, helped break the hold of abstract expressionism on modern American art and cleared the way for pop art. Versatile in several different artistic fields, he has given the world sculptures, lithographs, and prints, as well as paintings.
http://www.leninimports.com/jasper_johns_bio.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper_Johns
1955
Oswaldo Guayasamín
He showed an early love for art. He created a Pan-American portrait of human and social inequalities which reached international recognition.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswaldo_Guayasam%C3%ADn
www.nashvillescene.com/2008-02-21/arts/the-view-from-the-equator
Fashion from 1900
1900 the BRASSIERE
1900 -1915 HAIR, pads and frames of false hair was used to make hair appear fuller.
1902 the ‘TRANSFORMATION’ pompadour style. Transformation was a product used, made from natural hair it was waved. The transformation support often referred to as a pompadour frame was easy to buy.
2 Types of Edwardian Hair Frames
Edwardian Back Hair Tournure Frames for the Empire Style of Hair Dressing
Marie Stuart Frame
Other frames including the Marie Stuart frame like the one below gave a heart shaped Elizabethan look to the hair once covered over with billows of hair natural or false.
Hair was often collected from by the maid from the wearer’s hair brush, so that the hair could be added to the piece, making it fuller till and matching perfectly in colour!
Natural False Hair Pieces
False rosettes, false switches and plaits (1) ensured a wide range of coiffure styling. Women also used extra curls and small wave pieces (2 and 3) that they pinned in to fill in gaps in their hairstyles.
1
2
3
4
The hair roll support on the end (4) ensured the Edwardians were able to make big fat sausage curls all around the head. These hair roll supports came in all sizes from about 4 inches to 18 inches in length.
1902 Cloche Hat
1910 famous and memorable black Ascot meeting where all participants wore black and large wide picture hats (in respect of King Edwards’s death).
1910 Poiret’s famous maharaja turban design became very popular.
1913 Hemlines started to show a little ankle.
1918 Skirt lengths were just below calf length.
1918 Veil Hat
1918 Coco channel started producing TWINSETS.
1920 (Coco) WIDE LEGGED TROUSERS for woman. (Based on bell bottoms).
1922 (Coco) wider generously cut BEACH PJAMAS.
1925 BRASSERIERS became adjustable and have division between breasts. By late 20’s Kestro Company made 2 triangle pieces of fabric with a dart at the front creating the ‘cup’. By late 30’s Boning was introduced.
1926 the LITTLE BLACK DRESS first appeared in Vogue (Coco Channel)
1900 the BRASSIERE
1900 -1915 HAIR, pads and frames of false hair was used to make hair appear fuller.
1902 the ‘TRANSFORMATION’ pompadour style. Transformation was a product used, made from natural hair it was waved. The transformation support often referred to as a pompadour frame was easy to buy.
2 Types of Edwardian Hair Frames
Edwardian Back Hair Tournure Frames for the Empire Style of Hair Dressing
Marie Stuart Frame
Other frames including the Marie Stuart frame like the one below gave a heart shaped Elizabethan look to the hair once covered over with billows of hair natural or false.
Hair was often collected from by the maid from the wearer’s hair brush, so that the hair could be added to the piece, making it fuller till and matching perfectly in colour!
Natural False Hair Pieces
False rosettes, false switches and plaits (1) ensured a wide range of coiffure styling. Women also used extra curls and small wave pieces (2 and 3) that they pinned in to fill in gaps in their hairstyles.
1
2
3
4
The hair roll support on the end (4) ensured the Edwardians were able to make big fat sausage curls all around the head. These hair roll supports came in all sizes from about 4 inches to 18 inches in length.
1902 Cloche Hat
1910 famous and memorable black Ascot meeting where all participants wore black and large wide picture hats (in respect of King Edwards’s death).
1910 Poiret’s famous maharaja turban design became very popular.
1913 Hemlines started to show a little ankle.
1918 Skirt lengths were just below calf length.
1918 Veil Hat
1918 Coco channel started producing TWINSETS.
1920 (Coco) WIDE LEGGED TROUSERS for woman. (Based on bell bottoms).
1922 (Coco) wider generously cut BEACH PJAMAS.
1925 BRASSERIERS became adjustable and have division between breasts. By late 20’s Kestro Company made 2 triangle pieces of fabric with a dart at the front creating the ‘cup’. By late 30’s Boning was introduced.
1926 the LITTLE BLACK DRESS first appeared in Vogue (Coco Channel)
Thursday 4 December 2008
REMINDER - WEBSITE
i will be editing the site and adding finishing touches 2mz. [friday] to finish it. i will not be working on it after friday as i have my own things to do aswell!
anything wanted/need on the site must be posted or emailed 2nyt!!! as im doing this 1st thing in the morning. I did tell u all on monday that this would be how im doing it as i need to balance all my work wt with deadlines this coming week lol!!!!!
so i hope u can all u up our relevant info
DONT FORGET
pls pls pls at least post or email ur category info for the timeline so that can be completed fully.
thanks
x Beka
Royal and Political events - Martha
I have put one event from each year in bold type. These are what I think are the more important ones and should go on the main timeline.
This isnt finished yet, as you can probably tell from the empty years, but I will have it done asap.
1910- HH Asquith is prime-minister from the Liberal party.
May-King Edward VII died.
August-Florence Nightingale died.
1911-
June-King George V is crowned at Westminster.
July-Hiram Bingham Rediscovers Machu Picchu.
1912-
April-10th-Titanic sets sail from Southampton.
April-15th-Titanic sinks at 2.20am taking 1500 lives.
1913-
March-The house of Romanov celebrates its 300 anniversary of ruling Russia.
June-Suffragette Emily Davison runs out in front of the Kings horses at Epson. She died four days later.
1914-
Cyrprus is annexed by Britain after four centuries of Ottoman rule.
1915-
1916-
David Lloyd George takes over the Liberal party making him Prime-minister.
Britain introduced daylight saving time.
1917-
The Russian revolution began.
July-The British Royal family changed their surname from Saxe-Coburg to Windsor.
1918-
July-Tsarina Alexandra Feborovana died.
July-Grand Duchess Elizabeth died.
1919-
The IRA is formed in Ireland.
Jauary-Prince John Charles Francis died.
1920-
1921-
Ireland is split leaving Northan Ireland still under British rule but the rest of Ireland independant.
June-Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is born.
1922-
The conservative party win the general election making Andrew Bonar Law prime-minister.
The British Broadcasting Company (BBC) begins broadcasting.
1923-
Stanley Baldwin takes over the Conservative party from Andrew Bonar Law making him prime-minister.
April-King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (the Queen Mother) were married.
June-Princess Helena Augusta Victoria died.
1924-
For a brief period Ramsay MacDonald from the Labour party became prime-minister making him the first Labour prime-minister for over 200 years.
Stanley Baldwin became prime-minister again.
1925-
November-Queen Alexandra died.
1940-
Winston Churchill takes over the Conservative party from Neville Chamberlain making him prime-minister.
September-German bombers damage Buckingham palace.
1941-
December-Prince William of Gloucester is born.
1942-
January-Prince Arthur William Patrick died.
July-Prince Michael George Charles Franklin of Kent was born.
August-Prince George Edward Alexander died.
1943-
1944-
August-Prince Richard Alexander Walter George, Duke of Gloucester was born.
October-Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria died.
1945-
Labour win the vote making Clement Attlee prime-minister.
1946-
1947-
July-Camilla Rosemary Strand was born.
August-King George VI ceases to use the title Emperor of India upon India's independence.
November-Princess Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
1948-
The Welfare State is officially set up. (NHS)
November-Prince Charles Philip Arthur George was born.
1949-
1950-
August-Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise was born.
1951-
Sir Winston Churchill and the Conservatives win the general election again.
1952-
February-King George VI died.
1953-
March-Queen Mary died.
June-Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
1954-
1955-
Sir Winston Churchill retires due to ill health, leaving Sir Anthony Eden to take over as prime-minster.
Bibliography-
www.scaruffi.com/politics/british.html
www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/victorian/history/historytl.html
www.etoile.co.uk/Rtimeline.html
www.wikipedia.org
This isnt finished yet, as you can probably tell from the empty years, but I will have it done asap.
1910- HH Asquith is prime-minister from the Liberal party.
May-King Edward VII died.
August-Florence Nightingale died.
1911-
June-King George V is crowned at Westminster.
July-Hiram Bingham Rediscovers Machu Picchu.
1912-
April-10th-Titanic sets sail from Southampton.
April-15th-Titanic sinks at 2.20am taking 1500 lives.
1913-
March-The house of Romanov celebrates its 300 anniversary of ruling Russia.
June-Suffragette Emily Davison runs out in front of the Kings horses at Epson. She died four days later.
1914-
Cyrprus is annexed by Britain after four centuries of Ottoman rule.
1915-
1916-
David Lloyd George takes over the Liberal party making him Prime-minister.
Britain introduced daylight saving time.
1917-
The Russian revolution began.
July-The British Royal family changed their surname from Saxe-Coburg to Windsor.
1918-
July-Tsarina Alexandra Feborovana died.
July-Grand Duchess Elizabeth died.
1919-
The IRA is formed in Ireland.
Jauary-Prince John Charles Francis died.
1920-
1921-
Ireland is split leaving Northan Ireland still under British rule but the rest of Ireland independant.
June-Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is born.
1922-
The conservative party win the general election making Andrew Bonar Law prime-minister.
The British Broadcasting Company (BBC) begins broadcasting.
1923-
Stanley Baldwin takes over the Conservative party from Andrew Bonar Law making him prime-minister.
April-King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (the Queen Mother) were married.
June-Princess Helena Augusta Victoria died.
1924-
For a brief period Ramsay MacDonald from the Labour party became prime-minister making him the first Labour prime-minister for over 200 years.
Stanley Baldwin became prime-minister again.
1925-
November-Queen Alexandra died.
1940-
Winston Churchill takes over the Conservative party from Neville Chamberlain making him prime-minister.
September-German bombers damage Buckingham palace.
1941-
December-Prince William of Gloucester is born.
1942-
January-Prince Arthur William Patrick died.
July-Prince Michael George Charles Franklin of Kent was born.
August-Prince George Edward Alexander died.
1943-
1944-
August-Prince Richard Alexander Walter George, Duke of Gloucester was born.
October-Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria died.
1945-
Labour win the vote making Clement Attlee prime-minister.
1946-
1947-
July-Camilla Rosemary Strand was born.
August-King George VI ceases to use the title Emperor of India upon India's independence.
November-Princess Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
1948-
The Welfare State is officially set up. (NHS)
November-Prince Charles Philip Arthur George was born.
1949-
1950-
August-Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise was born.
1951-
Sir Winston Churchill and the Conservatives win the general election again.
1952-
February-King George VI died.
1953-
March-Queen Mary died.
June-Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
1954-
1955-
Sir Winston Churchill retires due to ill health, leaving Sir Anthony Eden to take over as prime-minster.
Bibliography-
www.scaruffi.com/politics/british.html
www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/victorian/history/historytl.html
www.etoile.co.uk/Rtimeline.html
www.wikipedia.org
Fatima 1910 - 1925
1911Georges Braque
During World War II Braque remained in Paris. His paintings at that time, primarily still life’s and interiors, became more somber. In addition to paintings, Braque also made lithographs, engravings, and sculptures.
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/B/braque.html
http://painting.about.com/od/artglossaryb/g/defBraque.htm http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/braque_georges.html
http://painting.about.com/od/artglossaryb/g/defBraque.htm http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/braque_georges.html
1912
Wassily Kandinsky
The artist named this period of his creativity to be "really a picturesque fairy tale". During the war-time period because of the shortage of materials the formats of his pictures become ever less, up to that moment when the artist was compelled to be content with gouache painting on cardboards of a small format.
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/kandinsky/
http://www.artlamp.com/Kandinsky.htm
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/kandinsk.htm
http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/kandinsky/kandinsky_bio.htm
1913 
Franz Marc
Franz Marc
Marc entered the army when World War I broke out. He stopped painting, but he kept a sketchbook in which he depicted problems of growth, such as Plant Life Coming into Being and Arsenal for Creation. On March 4, 1916, he was killed at Verdun.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Marc
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/marc_franz.html
http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/marc/overview.php
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/marc_franz.html
http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/marc/overview.php
1914Marsden Hartley
“I am not a ‘book of the month’ artist and do not paint pretty pictures; but when I am no longer here my name will register forever in the history of American Art and so that’s something too.” — Marsden Hartley
http://www.bookrags.com/biography/marsden-hartley-dlb/
http://www.walkerart.org/uia-bin/uia_query.cgi/sort_by/creator/wbibliography/key/487
http://www.glbtq.com/arts/hartley_m.html
http://www.walkerart.org/uia-bin/uia_query.cgi/sort_by/creator/wbibliography/key/487
http://www.glbtq.com/arts/hartley_m.html
1915
Alexander Archipenko
It is generally agreed that Archipenko did his best work between 1910 and 1920. He was so dexterous that much of his sculpture appears facile. This is particularly true of his later work, in which he often appears to be straining for novelty and effect. For instance, in 1924 he started using motors to cause parts of the sculpture to move; he called this genre "Archipentura." His later sculpture is more complicated and decorative, and he seems to have been distracted by superficialities such as color.
http://www.archipenko.org/aa_chronology.html
Alexander ArchipenkoIt is generally agreed that Archipenko did his best work between 1910 and 1920. He was so dexterous that much of his sculpture appears facile. This is particularly true of his later work, in which he often appears to be straining for novelty and effect. For instance, in 1924 he started using motors to cause parts of the sculpture to move; he called this genre "Archipentura." His later sculpture is more complicated and decorative, and he seems to have been distracted by superficialities such as color.
http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko
1916Jean (Hans) Arp
His sculpture in the round, like the wooden reliefs, is curving and vaguely suggests the world of nature, such as hills, clouds, or part of a torso, rather than the world of machines. Arp always brought his material, the stone or bronze, to a high degree of finish. He described his sculpture as "concretions." "Concretion," he wrote, "designates solidification, the mass of the stone, the plant, the animal, the man. Concretion is something that has grown."
http://www.poemhunter.com/jean-hans-arp/resources/
http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/dadas/arp.htm
http://www.abcgallery.com/A/arp/arpbio.html
1917 
Jacques Lipchitz
His subsequent works were modest in intent and composed of "found objects," frequently incorporated with clay, the whole then being cast in bronze. He also executed portraits.
http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9382980
http://www.answers.com/topic/jacques-lipchitz
http://www.jacques-lipchitz.com/
http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9382980
http://www.answers.com/topic/jacques-lipchitz
http://www.jacques-lipchitz.com/
1918 
Max BeckmannBeckmann's style in the immediate postwar period appears to have been affected primarily by German Gothic art. Its compressed space was well suited to his increasingly philosophical and poetic compositions. The powerful color and roughhewn forms of the Gothic also appealed to Beckmann. Among the paintings of this period the most important is Night (1918-1919).
http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_bio_15.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Beckmann
1919
Fernand Henri Léger
Léger served in the military from 1914 to 1917. His “mechanical” period, in which figures and objects are characterized by tubular, machinelike forms, began in 1917. During the early 1920s he collaborated with the writer Blaise Cendrars on films and designed sets and costumes for performances by Rolf de Maré’s Ballets Suédois; in 1924 he completed his first film, Ballet mécanique, which was neither abstract nor narrative but a series of seemingly unrelated images (a woman’s teeth and lips, machines, ordinary objects, and routine human activities).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger
http://www.rogallery.com/leger_fernand/leger-biography.htm
http://artchive.com/artchive/L/leger.html
1920Hannah Hoch
Though her work was not acclaimed after the war as it had been before the rise of the Third Reich, she continued to produce her photomontages and to exhibit them internationally until her death. In her work, she used photos, other paper objects, pieces of machines and various other objects to produce images, usually quite large.
1921Stuart Davis
Exposed at this exhibition to the work of such artists as Vincent van Gogh and Pablo Picasso, Davis became a committed "modern" artist and a major exponent of cubism and modernism in America.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Davis_(painter)
1922 
Paul Klee
Major Klee exhibitions took place in Bern and Basel in 1935 and in Zurich in 1940.
http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?object_id=37347
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee
1923
Naum Gabo
In 1913 Gabo went to Paris to see Pevsner, who had a studio there and who introduced him to friends involved in the modern movement in art. Gabo and Pevsner went to Oslo after World War I was declared, and there, in 1915, Gabo made his first sculptures. These pieces were cubist. He used sheet metal and celluloid to build abstract likenesses of human beings; one example is his Head of a Woman (1916), composed of opaque celluloid cut, bent, and attached to a flat plane to become a high relief extending from a flat surface.
http://www.answers.com/topic/naum-gabo
http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/biography.aspx?artist=70873
http://www.leninimports.com/naum_gabo.html
1924
Samuel Peploe
Samuel John Peploe (27 January 1871 - 11 October 1935) was a Scottish Post-Impressionist painter, noted for his still life works and for being one of the group of four painters that became known as the Scottish Colourists.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Peploe,_Still_life_-_apples_and_jar.jpg
1925
Edward Weston
Weston had his own portrait studio in Tropico, California and also began to have articles published in magazines such as American Photography, Photo Era and Photo-Miniature where his article entitled "Weston's Methods" on unconventional portraiture appeared in September, 1917.
http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Edward_Weston
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Weston
http://www.photo-seminars.com/Fame/EdWeston.htm
Monday 1 December 2008
Pollock - ABSTRACT
Abstract impressionism
Abstract Impressionism is a type of abstract painting, where small brushstrokes build and structure large paintings. Small brushstrokes exhibit control of large areas, expressing the artists emotion and focus on inner energy, and sometimes contemplation, creating expressive, lyrical and thoughtful qualities to the paintings. Similar to the brushstrokes of Impressionists, such as Monet and Post-Impressionists such as van Gogh and Seurat, only tending toward abstract expressionism. Where in the action painting style of Abstract expressionism, brushstrokes were often large, and bold, and paint was applied in a rapid outpouring of emotion and energy, the Abstract Impressionist's short and intense brushstrokes or non-traditional application of paints and textures is done slowly and with purpose, using the passage of time as an asset and a technique.
Abstract Impressionism is an art movement originating in New York City in the 1940’s. This was the first American movement to gain worldwide recognition, and put New York at the center of the art world; an achievement formerly awarded to Paris. The most important predecessor of abstract impressionism is Surrealism, which also emphasizes spontaneous and subconscious creation. The name of this period reflects the combination of unique self expression with emotional intensity, and contrasts the ideas or Futurism and Cubism. Abstract Impressionism is a form of art where the artist expresses himself through the use of form and colour, with no objective representations. The movement can be divided into two groups: the Action Painting expressed by artists, and Colour Field Painting.
Jackson Pollock
Paul Jackson Pollock was an influential American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionist movement. He was born in Cody, Wyoming in 1912, grew up in Arizona and Chico, California, studied at Los Angeles' Manual Arts High School. He experienced Native American culture while on surveying trips with his father. In 1930 Pollock moved to New York City, studied under Thomas Hart Benton at the Art Students League of New York. Benton's rural American subject matter shaped Pollock's work only fleetingly, but his rhythmic use of paint and his fierce independence were more lasting influences.
Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936, at an experimental workshop operated in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros. He later used paint pouring as one of several techniques in canvases of the early 1940s. He began painting with his canvases laid out on the studio floor, and developed what was later called his "drip" technique. The drip technique required paint with a fluid viscosity so Pollock turned to then new synthetic resin-based paints, called alkyd enamels. Pollock described this use of household paints, instead of artist’s paints, as "a natural growth out of a need". He used hardened brushes, sticks and even basting syringes as paint applicators. Pollock's technique of pouring and dripping paint is thought to be one of the origins of the term action painting. With this technique, Pollock was able to achieve a more immediate means of creating art, the paint now literally flowing from his chosen tool onto the canvas. By defying the conventional way of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension, literally, by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions. Pollock denied "the accident"; he usually had an idea of how he wanted a particular piece to appear. It was about the movement of his body, over which he had control, mixed with the viscous flow of paint, the force of gravity, and the way paint was absorbed into the canvas. The mix of the uncontrollable and the controllable. Flinging, dripping, pouring, spattering, he would energetically move around the canvas, almost as if in a dance, and would not stop until he saw what he wanted to see.
1950s and after
Pollock's most famous paintings were during the "drip period" between 1947 and 1950, that he was even nicknamed "Jack the Dripper". Pollock's work after 1951 was darker in colour, including a collection in black on unprimed canvases, followed by a return to colour and he reintroduced figurative elements.
Pollock wanted an end to the viewer's search for representational elements in his paintings, thus he abandoned naming them and started numbering them instead. He wanted to make people look at a picture for what it is "pure painting."
Pollock did not paint at all in 1955, after struggling with alcoholism his whole life, Pollock's career was cut short when he died in an alcohol-related.
Abstract Impressionism is a type of abstract painting, where small brushstrokes build and structure large paintings. Small brushstrokes exhibit control of large areas, expressing the artists emotion and focus on inner energy, and sometimes contemplation, creating expressive, lyrical and thoughtful qualities to the paintings. Similar to the brushstrokes of Impressionists, such as Monet and Post-Impressionists such as van Gogh and Seurat, only tending toward abstract expressionism. Where in the action painting style of Abstract expressionism, brushstrokes were often large, and bold, and paint was applied in a rapid outpouring of emotion and energy, the Abstract Impressionist's short and intense brushstrokes or non-traditional application of paints and textures is done slowly and with purpose, using the passage of time as an asset and a technique.
Abstract Impressionism is an art movement originating in New York City in the 1940’s. This was the first American movement to gain worldwide recognition, and put New York at the center of the art world; an achievement formerly awarded to Paris. The most important predecessor of abstract impressionism is Surrealism, which also emphasizes spontaneous and subconscious creation. The name of this period reflects the combination of unique self expression with emotional intensity, and contrasts the ideas or Futurism and Cubism. Abstract Impressionism is a form of art where the artist expresses himself through the use of form and colour, with no objective representations. The movement can be divided into two groups: the Action Painting expressed by artists, and Colour Field Painting.
Jackson Pollock
Paul Jackson Pollock was an influential American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionist movement. He was born in Cody, Wyoming in 1912, grew up in Arizona and Chico, California, studied at Los Angeles' Manual Arts High School. He experienced Native American culture while on surveying trips with his father. In 1930 Pollock moved to New York City, studied under Thomas Hart Benton at the Art Students League of New York. Benton's rural American subject matter shaped Pollock's work only fleetingly, but his rhythmic use of paint and his fierce independence were more lasting influences.
Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936, at an experimental workshop operated in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros. He later used paint pouring as one of several techniques in canvases of the early 1940s. He began painting with his canvases laid out on the studio floor, and developed what was later called his "drip" technique. The drip technique required paint with a fluid viscosity so Pollock turned to then new synthetic resin-based paints, called alkyd enamels. Pollock described this use of household paints, instead of artist’s paints, as "a natural growth out of a need". He used hardened brushes, sticks and even basting syringes as paint applicators. Pollock's technique of pouring and dripping paint is thought to be one of the origins of the term action painting. With this technique, Pollock was able to achieve a more immediate means of creating art, the paint now literally flowing from his chosen tool onto the canvas. By defying the conventional way of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension, literally, by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions. Pollock denied "the accident"; he usually had an idea of how he wanted a particular piece to appear. It was about the movement of his body, over which he had control, mixed with the viscous flow of paint, the force of gravity, and the way paint was absorbed into the canvas. The mix of the uncontrollable and the controllable. Flinging, dripping, pouring, spattering, he would energetically move around the canvas, almost as if in a dance, and would not stop until he saw what he wanted to see.
1950s and after
Pollock's most famous paintings were during the "drip period" between 1947 and 1950, that he was even nicknamed "Jack the Dripper". Pollock's work after 1951 was darker in colour, including a collection in black on unprimed canvases, followed by a return to colour and he reintroduced figurative elements.
Pollock wanted an end to the viewer's search for representational elements in his paintings, thus he abandoned naming them and started numbering them instead. He wanted to make people look at a picture for what it is "pure painting."
Pollock did not paint at all in 1955, after struggling with alcoholism his whole life, Pollock's career was cut short when he died in an alcohol-related.
Picasso - CUBISM
Cubism
Cubism was a 20th century art movement, characterized by the reduction and fragmentation of natural forms into abstract, geometric structures usually a set of discrete planes. Pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Cubism is divided into two phases the first phase of cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1908 and 1911 in France. In its second phase, Synthetic Cubism, the movement spread and remained vital until around 1919.
Picasso and Braque initiated the movement when they followed the advice of Paul Cézanne, who said artists should treat nature "in terms of the cylinder, the sphere and the cone. "To break with homogeneous form, Braque and Picasso's similar compositions are broken into planes with open edges, sliding into each other while denying all depth. Colour is reduced to a grey-tan cameo, applied uniformly in small brushstrokes creating vibrations of light. The interpenetration of the forms lends these paintings a previously unknown aspect of continuity and density. Withdrawing before the abstract and hermetic character of this new space, Braque and Picasso brought recognizable illusionist features back into their paintings. They used letters, fragments of words, musical notes, and then significant material elements: sand or sawdust which create relief, and tend to make the picture more physically an object.
Analytic Cubism is one of the two major phases of the artistic movement of Cubism and was developed between 1908 and 1912.Analytic cubists "analyzed" natural forms and reduced the forms into basic geometric parts on the two-dimensional picture plane. Colour was almost non-existent except for the use of a monochromatic scheme that often included grey, blue and ochre. Instead of an emphasis on colour, Analytic cubists focused on forms like the cylinder, sphere and the cone to represent the natural world. During this movement, the works produced by Picasso and Braque shared stylistic similarities.
Both painters Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque moved toward abstraction, leaving only enough signs of the real world to supply a tension between the reality outside the painting and the complicated meditations on visual language within the frame.
Synthetic Cubism was the second main phase of Cubism It was the first time that collage had been seen as a fine art work. Newspaper clippings were a common inclusion in this style of cubism, where physical pieces of newspaper, sheet music... etc. Picasso and Braque had a constant competition with each other, were including letters in their works may have been an extension of their game. Analytic cubism was an analysis of the subjects; synthetic cubism is more of pushing several objects together. Picasso, through this movement, was the first to use text in his artwork, and the use of mixed media, were he used more than one type of medium in the same piece. Unlike analytic cubism, synthetic cubism has fewer planar shifts, and less shading, creating flatter space. Cubism was a particularly varied art movement in its political affiliations, with some sections being broadly leftist or radical, and others strongly aligned with nationalist sentiment.
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Picasso was an Andalusian-Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. As one of the most recognized figures in twentieth-century art, he is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. He was born in the city of Malaga in Spain, Picasso showed passion and a skill for drawing from an early age, received formal artistic training from his father in figure drawing and oil painting. He studied art in Madrid; Picasso made his first trip to Paris in 1900, which then was considered as the art capital of Europe. There, he met his first Parisian friend, the journalist and poet Max Jacob, who helped Picasso learn the language and its literature. Picasso had to burn much of his work to keep the small room warm, in times of severe poverty, cold, and desperation.
Picasso Political views he remained neutral during World War I, the Spanish Civil War, and World War II, refusing to fight for any side or country. His art work is often categorized into periods, the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1905–1907), the African-influenced Period (1908–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919).
Picasso’s Blue Period (1901–1904) consists of paintings in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colours. This period’s starting point is uncertain; it may have begun in Spain in the spring of 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year. Many paintings of gaunt mothers with children date from this period, he usually had a frequent subjects like prostitutes, beggars and drunks
Rose Period
The Rose Period (1904–1906) is characterized by a more cheery style with orange and pink colours, and featuring many circus people, acrobats and harlequins. The harlequin became a personal symbol for Picasso.
African-influenced Period was the period when Pablo Picasso painted in a style which was strongly influenced by African sculpture. This period, which followed his Blue Period and Rose Period, has also been called the Negro Period or Black Period. Picasso’s African-influenced Period (1907–1909) begins with the two figures on the right in his painting, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, which were based on African art. Although the painting is seen as the first Cubist work, before beginning the Cubist phase of his painting, he spent several years exploring African art. Picasso's African influenced period was followed with the style known as Analytic Cubism, which had also developed from Les Mademoiselle Mignonne's. Picasso's interest was sparked by Henri Matisse who showed him a mask from the Dan region of Africa.
Cubism
Analytic cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed along with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colours. Both artists took apart objects and “analyzed” them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque’s paintings at this time have many similarities. Synthetic cubism (1912–1919) was a further development of the genre, in which cut paper fragments—often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages—were pasted into compositions, marking the first use of collage in fine art.
Classicism and surrealism
His work in this period was influence from his contact with the surrealists, who often used Minotaur(was a creature that was part man and part bull) as their symbol, and it appears in Picasso’s Guernica. Arguably Picasso’s most famous work is his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War — Guernica. This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war. Asked to explain its symbolism, Picasso said, “It isn’t up to the painter to define the symbols. Otherwise it would be better if he wrote them out in so many words! The public who look at the picture must interpret the symbols as they understand them.”
Later work
In the 1950s, Picasso’s style changed once again, as he took to producing reinterpretations of the art of the great masters. He also based paintings on works by Goya, Poussin, Manet, Courbet and Delacroix. He was commissioned to make a maquette for a huge 50-foot high public sculpture to be built in Chicago, known usually as the Chicago Picasso. What the figure represents is not known; it could be a bird, a horse, a woman or a totally abstract shape. The sculpture, one of the most recognizable landmarks in downtown Chicago, was unveiled in 1967. Picasso refused to be paid $100,000 for it, donating it to the people of the city. Picasso’s final works were a mixture of styles, his means of expression in constant flux until the end of his life. Devoting his full energies to his work, Picasso became more daring, his works more colourful and expressive, and from 1968 through 1971 he produced a torrent of paintings and hundreds of copperplate etchings. At the time these works were dismissed by most as pornographic fantasies of an impotent old man or the slapdash works of an artist who was past his prime. Only later, after Picasso’s death, when the rest of the art world had moved on from abstract expressionism, did the critical community come to see that Picasso had already discovered neo-expressionism and was, as so often before, ahead of his time.
Cubism was a 20th century art movement, characterized by the reduction and fragmentation of natural forms into abstract, geometric structures usually a set of discrete planes. Pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Cubism is divided into two phases the first phase of cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1908 and 1911 in France. In its second phase, Synthetic Cubism, the movement spread and remained vital until around 1919.
Picasso and Braque initiated the movement when they followed the advice of Paul Cézanne, who said artists should treat nature "in terms of the cylinder, the sphere and the cone. "To break with homogeneous form, Braque and Picasso's similar compositions are broken into planes with open edges, sliding into each other while denying all depth. Colour is reduced to a grey-tan cameo, applied uniformly in small brushstrokes creating vibrations of light. The interpenetration of the forms lends these paintings a previously unknown aspect of continuity and density. Withdrawing before the abstract and hermetic character of this new space, Braque and Picasso brought recognizable illusionist features back into their paintings. They used letters, fragments of words, musical notes, and then significant material elements: sand or sawdust which create relief, and tend to make the picture more physically an object.
Analytic Cubism is one of the two major phases of the artistic movement of Cubism and was developed between 1908 and 1912.Analytic cubists "analyzed" natural forms and reduced the forms into basic geometric parts on the two-dimensional picture plane. Colour was almost non-existent except for the use of a monochromatic scheme that often included grey, blue and ochre. Instead of an emphasis on colour, Analytic cubists focused on forms like the cylinder, sphere and the cone to represent the natural world. During this movement, the works produced by Picasso and Braque shared stylistic similarities.
Both painters Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque moved toward abstraction, leaving only enough signs of the real world to supply a tension between the reality outside the painting and the complicated meditations on visual language within the frame.
Synthetic Cubism was the second main phase of Cubism It was the first time that collage had been seen as a fine art work. Newspaper clippings were a common inclusion in this style of cubism, where physical pieces of newspaper, sheet music... etc. Picasso and Braque had a constant competition with each other, were including letters in their works may have been an extension of their game. Analytic cubism was an analysis of the subjects; synthetic cubism is more of pushing several objects together. Picasso, through this movement, was the first to use text in his artwork, and the use of mixed media, were he used more than one type of medium in the same piece. Unlike analytic cubism, synthetic cubism has fewer planar shifts, and less shading, creating flatter space. Cubism was a particularly varied art movement in its political affiliations, with some sections being broadly leftist or radical, and others strongly aligned with nationalist sentiment.
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Picasso was an Andalusian-Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. As one of the most recognized figures in twentieth-century art, he is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. He was born in the city of Malaga in Spain, Picasso showed passion and a skill for drawing from an early age, received formal artistic training from his father in figure drawing and oil painting. He studied art in Madrid; Picasso made his first trip to Paris in 1900, which then was considered as the art capital of Europe. There, he met his first Parisian friend, the journalist and poet Max Jacob, who helped Picasso learn the language and its literature. Picasso had to burn much of his work to keep the small room warm, in times of severe poverty, cold, and desperation.
Picasso Political views he remained neutral during World War I, the Spanish Civil War, and World War II, refusing to fight for any side or country. His art work is often categorized into periods, the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1905–1907), the African-influenced Period (1908–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919).
Picasso’s Blue Period (1901–1904) consists of paintings in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colours. This period’s starting point is uncertain; it may have begun in Spain in the spring of 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year. Many paintings of gaunt mothers with children date from this period, he usually had a frequent subjects like prostitutes, beggars and drunks
Rose Period
The Rose Period (1904–1906) is characterized by a more cheery style with orange and pink colours, and featuring many circus people, acrobats and harlequins. The harlequin became a personal symbol for Picasso.
African-influenced Period was the period when Pablo Picasso painted in a style which was strongly influenced by African sculpture. This period, which followed his Blue Period and Rose Period, has also been called the Negro Period or Black Period. Picasso’s African-influenced Period (1907–1909) begins with the two figures on the right in his painting, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, which were based on African art. Although the painting is seen as the first Cubist work, before beginning the Cubist phase of his painting, he spent several years exploring African art. Picasso's African influenced period was followed with the style known as Analytic Cubism, which had also developed from Les Mademoiselle Mignonne's. Picasso's interest was sparked by Henri Matisse who showed him a mask from the Dan region of Africa.
Cubism
Analytic cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed along with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colours. Both artists took apart objects and “analyzed” them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque’s paintings at this time have many similarities. Synthetic cubism (1912–1919) was a further development of the genre, in which cut paper fragments—often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages—were pasted into compositions, marking the first use of collage in fine art.
Classicism and surrealism
His work in this period was influence from his contact with the surrealists, who often used Minotaur(was a creature that was part man and part bull) as their symbol, and it appears in Picasso’s Guernica. Arguably Picasso’s most famous work is his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War — Guernica. This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war. Asked to explain its symbolism, Picasso said, “It isn’t up to the painter to define the symbols. Otherwise it would be better if he wrote them out in so many words! The public who look at the picture must interpret the symbols as they understand them.”
Later work
In the 1950s, Picasso’s style changed once again, as he took to producing reinterpretations of the art of the great masters. He also based paintings on works by Goya, Poussin, Manet, Courbet and Delacroix. He was commissioned to make a maquette for a huge 50-foot high public sculpture to be built in Chicago, known usually as the Chicago Picasso. What the figure represents is not known; it could be a bird, a horse, a woman or a totally abstract shape. The sculpture, one of the most recognizable landmarks in downtown Chicago, was unveiled in 1967. Picasso refused to be paid $100,000 for it, donating it to the people of the city. Picasso’s final works were a mixture of styles, his means of expression in constant flux until the end of his life. Devoting his full energies to his work, Picasso became more daring, his works more colourful and expressive, and from 1968 through 1971 he produced a torrent of paintings and hundreds of copperplate etchings. At the time these works were dismissed by most as pornographic fantasies of an impotent old man or the slapdash works of an artist who was past his prime. Only later, after Picasso’s death, when the rest of the art world had moved on from abstract expressionism, did the critical community come to see that Picasso had already discovered neo-expressionism and was, as so often before, ahead of his time.
Marcel Duchamp - DADA
Dada this movement emerged in reaction to what many artist rejected the way art was appreciated and defined in contemporary art scenes. It began in New York and Zurich, also emerged in Paris, Berlin, and Cologne, among other cities. Dada was more a mind-set or attitude than a single identifiable style. Dadaists believed reason and logic had been responsible for the disaster of world war 1.Dada was not art, it was anti-art. Everything that art stood for, Dada represented the opposite, art was concerned with traditional aesthetics, and Dada ignored aesthetics. Art was to appeal to sensibilities, Dada was intended to offend. Dadaists hoped to destroy traditional culture and aesthetics. Dada's contempt for all traditional and established values and its derisive iconoclasm can be read at random from its numerous manifestos and declarations of intent: "Dada knows everything. Dada spits on everything. Dada says "knothing", Dada has no fixed ideas. Dada does not catch lies, Dada is bitterness laughing at everything that has been accomplished, sanctified....Dada is never right...No more painters, no more writers, no more religions, no more royalists, no more anarchists, no more socialists, no more police, no more airplanes, no more urinary passages...Like everything in life, Dada is useless, everything happens in a completely idiotic way... we are incapable of treating seriously and subject whatsoever, let alone this subject: ourselves. Dada was a phenomenon bursting forth in the midst of the post-war economic and moral crisis, a saviour, a monster, which would lay waste to everything in its path. a systematic work of destruction and demoralization... In the end it became nothing but the act of sacrilege."
Dada artist have been inspired by cynicism and pessimism artist, but what has been developed was much more phenomenally influential and powerful.
Dada artist developed new Techniques which are:
Collage
The Dadaists imitated the techniques developed during the cubist movement through the pasting of cut pieces of paper items, but extended their art to encompass items such as transportation tickets, maps, plastic wrappers, etc. to portray aspects of life, rather than representing objects viewed as still life.
Photomontage
The (Berlin) Dadaists used scissors and glue rather than paintbrushes and paints to express their views of modern life through images presented by the media.
Assemblage
The assemblages were three-dimensional variations of the collage, from everyday objects to produce meaningful or totally meaningless pieces of work.
Ready-mades
Marcel Duchamp began to view the manufactured objects of his manufactured objects collection as objects of art, which he called "ready-mades". He would add signatures and titles to some, converting them into artwork that he called "readymade aided" or "rectified ready-mades". One such example of Duchamp's readymade works is the urinal that was turned onto its back, signed "R. Mutt", titled "Fountain", and submitted to the Society of Independent Artists exhibition that year.
Marcel Duchamp
French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. he grew up in a family that liked cultural activities. He took drawing classes and learned academic drawing from his teacher, with failed attempted to protect his students from Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and other avant-garde influences. Duchamp's early art works influenced with Post-Impressionist, He experimented with classical techniques and subjects, as well as Cubism and Fauvism. Duchamp's first controversial work, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 featured successive images of a body, giving the impression of movement the painting shows elements of both the fragmentation and synthesis of the Cubists, and the movement and dynamism of the Futurists. Duchamp known dada movement through a friend named Picabia who connected with the Dada group in Zurich since New York Dada had less tone than it was in Europe, it was not a organized. bringing to New York the Dada ideas of absurdity and anti-art. Together with Man Ray and many from the group that met almost nightly, Duchamp contributed his ideas about art and his humor to the New York activities, much of which ran concurrent with the development of ready-mades and The Large Glass.
Duchamp and Dada are connected by his work of Fountain, a urinal to the Society of Independent Artists exhibit in 1917.the show committee said that Fountain was not art and rejected it from the show causing an uproar amongst the Dadaists and led Duchamp to resign from the board of the Independent Artists. His Fountain, the urinal signed with the pseudonym R. Mutt that shocked the art world in 1917, was selected in 2004 as "the most influential artwork of the 20th century" by 500 renowned artists and historians. He then published along with Henri-Pierre Roché and Beatrice Wood, New York's Dada's magazine, The Blind Man which included art, literature, humor and commentary. When he went back to Paris after World War I, Duchamp did not participate in the Dada group.
In 1915 Duchamp began doing his "ready-mades" — found objects he chose and presented as art.
Duchamp's interest in kinetic works shows as early as the notes for The Large Glass and the Bicycle Wheel readymade, and despite losing interest in "retinal art" he retained interest in visual phenomena. In 1920, with help from Man Ray, Duchamp built what has come to be known as Rotary Glass Plates, The piece, which he did not consider art, involved a motor to spin pieces of rectangular glass on which were painted segments of a circle. When the apparatus spins, the circle segments appear to be closed concentric circles.
Rrose Sélavy
Rrose Sélavy, was one of Duchamp's pseudonyms Sélavy emerged in 1921 in a series of photographs by Man Ray of Duchamp dressed as a woman. Through the 1920s Man Ray and Duchamp collaborated on more photos of Sélavy. Duchamp later used the name as the byline on written material and signed several creations with it.
In 1918 Duchamp left his work on the Large Glass and the art scene, and went to Buenos Aires, Argentina for nine months where he often played chess, and carved from wood the only chess set he himself made, though a local craftsman made the knights. He returned to Paris in 1919, where he lived until he returned to the United States in 1920. By the time he moved to Paris in 1923 he was no longer a practicing artist. Instead he played and studied chess, which he played for the rest of his life to the near exclusion of all other activity. Duchamp's obsessive fascination with chess can be traced back much earlier to the themes of his major art pieces. The most immediately obvious of these is the chess position known as "trébuchet" (the trap), which gave its title to the Readymade of 1917. Sometime in the early 1930s, Duchamp realized that he had reached the height of his ability and had no real chance of winning recognition in top-level chess. Over the following years, the intensity of his participation in chess tournaments declined but he discovered correspondence chess and became a chess journalist writing weekly newspaper columns.
even though Duchamp was no longer practicing artist he continued consulting with artists, art dealers and collectors. From 1925 he often travelled to and from France and the United States, and made New York's Greenwich Village his home in 1942.
Dada artist have been inspired by cynicism and pessimism artist, but what has been developed was much more phenomenally influential and powerful.
Dada artist developed new Techniques which are:
Collage
The Dadaists imitated the techniques developed during the cubist movement through the pasting of cut pieces of paper items, but extended their art to encompass items such as transportation tickets, maps, plastic wrappers, etc. to portray aspects of life, rather than representing objects viewed as still life.
Photomontage
The (Berlin) Dadaists used scissors and glue rather than paintbrushes and paints to express their views of modern life through images presented by the media.
Assemblage
The assemblages were three-dimensional variations of the collage, from everyday objects to produce meaningful or totally meaningless pieces of work.
Ready-mades
Marcel Duchamp began to view the manufactured objects of his manufactured objects collection as objects of art, which he called "ready-mades". He would add signatures and titles to some, converting them into artwork that he called "readymade aided" or "rectified ready-mades". One such example of Duchamp's readymade works is the urinal that was turned onto its back, signed "R. Mutt", titled "Fountain", and submitted to the Society of Independent Artists exhibition that year.
Marcel Duchamp
French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. he grew up in a family that liked cultural activities. He took drawing classes and learned academic drawing from his teacher, with failed attempted to protect his students from Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and other avant-garde influences. Duchamp's early art works influenced with Post-Impressionist, He experimented with classical techniques and subjects, as well as Cubism and Fauvism. Duchamp's first controversial work, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 featured successive images of a body, giving the impression of movement the painting shows elements of both the fragmentation and synthesis of the Cubists, and the movement and dynamism of the Futurists. Duchamp known dada movement through a friend named Picabia who connected with the Dada group in Zurich since New York Dada had less tone than it was in Europe, it was not a organized. bringing to New York the Dada ideas of absurdity and anti-art. Together with Man Ray and many from the group that met almost nightly, Duchamp contributed his ideas about art and his humor to the New York activities, much of which ran concurrent with the development of ready-mades and The Large Glass.
Duchamp and Dada are connected by his work of Fountain, a urinal to the Society of Independent Artists exhibit in 1917.the show committee said that Fountain was not art and rejected it from the show causing an uproar amongst the Dadaists and led Duchamp to resign from the board of the Independent Artists. His Fountain, the urinal signed with the pseudonym R. Mutt that shocked the art world in 1917, was selected in 2004 as "the most influential artwork of the 20th century" by 500 renowned artists and historians. He then published along with Henri-Pierre Roché and Beatrice Wood, New York's Dada's magazine, The Blind Man which included art, literature, humor and commentary. When he went back to Paris after World War I, Duchamp did not participate in the Dada group.
In 1915 Duchamp began doing his "ready-mades" — found objects he chose and presented as art.
Duchamp's interest in kinetic works shows as early as the notes for The Large Glass and the Bicycle Wheel readymade, and despite losing interest in "retinal art" he retained interest in visual phenomena. In 1920, with help from Man Ray, Duchamp built what has come to be known as Rotary Glass Plates, The piece, which he did not consider art, involved a motor to spin pieces of rectangular glass on which were painted segments of a circle. When the apparatus spins, the circle segments appear to be closed concentric circles.
Rrose Sélavy
Rrose Sélavy, was one of Duchamp's pseudonyms Sélavy emerged in 1921 in a series of photographs by Man Ray of Duchamp dressed as a woman. Through the 1920s Man Ray and Duchamp collaborated on more photos of Sélavy. Duchamp later used the name as the byline on written material and signed several creations with it.
In 1918 Duchamp left his work on the Large Glass and the art scene, and went to Buenos Aires, Argentina for nine months where he often played chess, and carved from wood the only chess set he himself made, though a local craftsman made the knights. He returned to Paris in 1919, where he lived until he returned to the United States in 1920. By the time he moved to Paris in 1923 he was no longer a practicing artist. Instead he played and studied chess, which he played for the rest of his life to the near exclusion of all other activity. Duchamp's obsessive fascination with chess can be traced back much earlier to the themes of his major art pieces. The most immediately obvious of these is the chess position known as "trébuchet" (the trap), which gave its title to the Readymade of 1917. Sometime in the early 1930s, Duchamp realized that he had reached the height of his ability and had no real chance of winning recognition in top-level chess. Over the following years, the intensity of his participation in chess tournaments declined but he discovered correspondence chess and became a chess journalist writing weekly newspaper columns.
even though Duchamp was no longer practicing artist he continued consulting with artists, art dealers and collectors. From 1925 he often travelled to and from France and the United States, and made New York's Greenwich Village his home in 1942.
leaf booklet template - BEKA
feel free to use this image as a page shape template
me and hannah are using this for all our OWN category research as something nice for the portfolio. feel free to do the same.
e.g inside the leaf i would write:
1910
this year this happened in the world f design!!!
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