Sunday 30 November 2008

www.kissandmakeup.tv/.../ the-body-shop-m-1.html

you learn something new everyday! thanks to 'hippyshopper' i've found out that not only are the Body Shop's Shimmer Squares based on the work of artist Mark Rothko, there also selling like hot cakes. They sold out in the Oxford Street branch just four days after the lunch!

Just something a little interesting i picked up from the internet, and will look into a but more to see if it is true or not!

Beka

Saturday 29 November 2008

Rob- Timeline Research timline found at: http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/ww2hist/mini.htm



1935

March
  • Germany begins re-armament, in contravention of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I.

1936

March
  • German troops re-occupy the Rhineland in contravention of the Locarno Treaty.

1938

March
  • German forces march into Austria, annexing the country.
September
  • Germany annexes the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia, on the signing of the Munich Agreement by Germany, Britain, France, and Italy.

1939

March
  • Germany annexes the remainder of Czechoslovakia.
August
  • Germany and Russia sign a ten-year non-aggression alliance.
September
  • German armed forces begin an intensive attack on Poland, with aerial bombing of several cities, troop movement into Polish territory, and naval bombardment of Danzig.
  • England and France declare war on Germany.
  • Canada declares war on Germany.
  • Russian armies invade Poland, part of a secret agreement with Germany to share Polish territory.
November
  • The Soviet Union attacks Finland, following Finland's refusal to cede territory near Leningrad.

1940

March
  • Finland and the Soviet Union conclude a peace treaty. Finland accepts terms of the Treaty of Moscow, retaining independence but giving up Baltic seaports and other territories.
April
  • German troops invade Denmark, and German ships launch attacks and landings on Norway. Denmark surrenders within twelve hours.
  • British troops begin landing in Norway.
May
  • British and French troops withdraw from southern and central Norway.
  • German forces begin a massive asault on the West, attacking and invading Holland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France.
  • British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain resigns, replaced by Winston Churchill.
  • The main Dutch Army surrenders to Germany.
  • First German troops reach the French coast near Abbéville, isolating in the north the British Expediionary Force, the French 1st Army, and part of the Belgian Army.
  • Allies begin evacuating from Dunkirk France. Over ten days, 338,000 troops are transported on 860 vessels of all sizes.
  • Belgium surrenders to Germany.
June
  • Norway surrenders to Germany.
  • Italy declares war on France and England.
  • France surrenders to Germany.
July
  • Adolf Hitler decides that landing troops in England is possible, so long as air superiority is attained. He orders the armed forces to prepare for an invasion.
  • The Battle of Britain begins, as German bomber planes begin attacking British airfields.
August
  • Ten German aircraft inadvertantly bomb London, leading to a reprisal bombing of Berlin. Hitler then orders German bombing to shift from airfields to cities. This allows the British airforce to regain some strength.
September
  • The war in Africa begins, as Italian forces in Libya cross into Egypt, to attempt to gain control of the Suez Canal.
  • 1700 German planes attack England, but eighty are shot down. Adolf Hitler decides England cannot be attacked this time, and cancels invasion plans. Though nightly bombing continues, the Battle of Britain is effectively over.
  • Japan signs the Tripartite Pact, a defensive alliance with Germany and Italy.
October
  • Italian forces launch an attack on Greece.

1941

March
  • Yugoslavia signs an alliance with Germany, but overnight the government is overthrown. Adolf Hitler orders the country bombed and invaded.
April
  • German forces invade Yugoslavia and Greece.
  • Yugoslavia surrenders to Germany.
  • Greece surrenders to Germany.
May
  • German forces launch an attack on Crete.
  • German battleship Bismarck sinks British battleship Hood in the North Atlantic. Only three men of a crew of 1422 survive.
  • German battleship Bismarck sinks, after repeated shelling and torpedo hits from several British planes and ships.
June
  • British and Greek forces on Crete surrender. In the battle for the island, 25,000 men (in total) were killed, wounded, or taken prisoner.
  • Germany begins a massive attack on the Soviet Union, attacking with three million men along an 1100-mile front.
September
  • German forces begin a siege of Leningrad, which will last 900 days.
  • In the Soviet Union, the encircled Kiev falls to German forces. 665,000 men are captured, the largest number of prisoners ever in one battle, and the largest single military success in history.
  • German forces with 70 divisions begin a final assault to capture Moscow before winter sets in.
December
  • Soviet forces counterattack the over-extended German forces 25 miles outside of Moscow, driving them back as much as 100 miles.
  • A large Japanese naval task force launches hundreds of aircraft to attack the American Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii. Several ships are sunk, but the primary targets, the American aircraft carriers, are not at the base.
  • Canada declares war on Japan.
  • Japanese forces launch an attack on Hong Kong.
  • The United States of America declares war on Japan.
  • Japanese forces attack the Philippine Islands.
  • Adolf Hitler declares war on the United States.
  • Italy declares war on the United States.
  • American Marines surrender Wake Island to Japan.
  • Hong Kong surrenders to Japan.

1942

January
  • In Germany, Reinhard Heydrich holds the Wannsee Conference, for planning the coordination of the murder of Jews all across Europe.
February
  • American forces begin launching air strikes on Japanese-occupied island bases, beginning with the Gilbert and Marshall Islands.
  • Japanese troops land on Singapore.
  • Singapore surrenders to Japan. 130,000 British, Indian, and Australians form the greatest mass surrender in British history.
March
  • All Allied forces in the Netherlands East Indies surrender unconditionally to Japan.
April
  • American Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle leads a group of B-25 bombers on an attack on Tokyo and four other Japanese cities. The planes were launched from the carrier Hornet, and land in China.
May
  • Japanese forces complete the capture of the Philippines.
  • American and Japanese aircraft carriers launch attacks in the Battle of Coral Sea. Each side loses an aircraft carrier.
  • Over 1000 British bombers attack Cologne, Germany, devastating 600 acres, including hundreds of factories, and leaving 45,000 homeless.
June
  • A large Japanese naval strike force makes an attack on Midway. American aircraft carriers launch attacks on the Japanese ships, sinking all four aircraft carriers. Japanese planes sink American carrier Yorktown. The Japanese lose 3500 men and 322 planes.
  • In Libya, German General Erwin Rommel's Africa Corps captures Tobruk, taking 35,000 prisoners.
August
  • An Allied force of 6000 troops (5000 Canadian) make an amphibious assault on Dieppe, France. About 2700 are killed or captured.
September
  • German troops begin the battle for Stalingrad.
November
  • Allied forces land in Morocco and Algeria, beginning Operation Torch, to rid North Africa of Italian and German forces.
  • The British 8th Army, led by General Bernhard Montgomery, recaptures Tobruk, Libya.
  • Soviet forces with one million soldiers break through German and Romanian lines north and south of Stalingrad, aiming to link up and surround German forces in the city.
  • As German forces approach, French fleet commander at Toulon orders the French fleet scuttled and destroyed in the harbor.

1943

February
  • The surrounded German 6th Army at Stalingrad surrenders. About 450,000 soldiers in total died in the fight for the city.
May
  • The German Afrika Korps surrenders 275,000 troops in Tunisia.
July
  • An Allied armada with 500,000 troops begins landing on Sicily.
  • Italian Premier Benito Mussolini is removed from power, replaced by Marshal Badoglio.
  • British bomber planes attack Hamburg, Germany, creating a firestorm over nine square miles, reaching 1800 degrees Fahrenheit, killing 40,000.
August
  • Allied forces complete the capture of Sicily.
September
  • The British 8th Army begins landing on Italy, across the Strait of Messina, from Sicily.
  • Italy signs its surrender to the Allies. German forces quickly move in to take over strategic positions, and capture the Italian fleet.
  • British midget submarines penetrate anti-submarine nets at Kaalfjord in northern Norway, allowing engineers to attach mines to the hull of German battleship Tirpitz. The ship's hull is severly damaged in the explosion, the port engine is destroyed, and the propeller shaft is bent.
October
  • 265 American B-17 Flying Fortress bombers based in England make an attack on ball-bearing plants in Schweinfurt, Germany. Sixty are shot down, and 140 suffer significant damage.
November
  • Adolf Hitler issues a directive warning of an Allied landing in western Europe in the spring of 1944, noting that an Allied landing would be more troublesome than Russian advances in the East.
  • British bomber planes begin the Battle of Berlin, under the assumption that sustained bombing would bring about German defeat.

1944

March
  • The final British bombing in the Battle of Berlin is made. Of 811 bombers, 71 are shot down, killing 392 crew members. Since August 1943, 10,000 sorties were flown, dropping 30,000 tons of bombs. The British official history considers the battle an operational defeat for Britain.
June
  • American forces capture Rome, Italy.
  • D-Day, Operation Overlord begins, with British, American, and Canadian forces landing on Normandy beaches in northern France. Landings are difficult but successful. By the end of the day, 175,000 men have landed over 90-km of coastline, incurring 4,900 casualties.
  • Germany begins launching V-1 flying bombs at London.
July
  • Adolf Hitler is slightly wounded in an assassination attempt by Claus von Stauffenberg, involving several high-ranking Germans.
August
  • French General Charles de Gaulle enters liberated Paris.
September
  • The British 2nd Army liberates Brussels, Belgium.
  • The British 2nd Army captures Antwerp, Belguim, with the important sea port largely undamaged.
  • The first German V-2 rocket hits London.
  • Operation Market Garden takes place, as gliders drop British and American troops along sixty miles of road in Holland, leading into Germany. The plan is to quickly capture bridges over the Rhine river, and hold them until ground forces can link up.
  • Finland and the Soviet Union cease fighting each other.
October
  • American forces return to the Philippines.
  • The Battle of Leyte Gulf ends, near Japan. Japan lost 34 ships, including four aircraft carriers, three battleships, and forty cruisers.
November
  • German battleship Tirpitz is sunk near Tromsö, Norway by British 12,000-pound bombs.
December
  • A German force of 22 divisions strikes through the Ardennes, in a surprise attack on the west. Their goal is to again make a quick drive for the coast, splitting the Allied forces. They create a bulge in the front line, but cannot maintain the momentum. Allied forces push the line back to the start point by January 28. Germany lost 220,000 men and over 1400 tanks in the "Battle of the Bulge".

1945

February
  • Dresden is subjected to intense Allied aerial bombing, destroying over 1680 acres, 86,000 houses, killing about 40,000.
March
  • Tokyo, Japan, is bombed, destroying sixteen square miles of the city, killing about 85,000.
  • American forces complete the capture of the Japanese island of Iwo Jima. Americans suffer 26,038 casualties, include 6821 dead. Of the 21,000 Japanese defenders, only 1083 survive.
April
  • Japan launches the largest kamakazi suicide attack of the war, as 355 kamakazi planes attack the American fleet near Okinawa.
  • Japanese battleship Yamato is sunk by bombing and repeated torpedo hits. Over 3000 die.
  • Allies capture 320,000 Germans surrounded in the Ruhr area.
  • Soviet ground forces begin an assault on Berlin.
  • Adolf Hitler commits suicide in his underground bunker.
  • Rear Admiral Karl Dönitz is sworn in as new president of Germany, who immediately begins a progressive total surrender.
May
  • Soviet forces complete the capture of Berlin.
  • German armed forces surrender unconditionally to the Allies.
August
  • The American B-29 Enola Gay drops a uranium-based atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japan, which detonates 1850 feet above the city. The blast has the impact of a 500-mph wind, leveling almost everything within a two-mile radius, destroying 70,000 buildings, sixty percent of the city. 70,000 are killed, and 80,000 wounded. By the end of the year, a further 60,000 have died from burns, wounds, and radiation sickness.
  • The Soviet Union declares war on Japan, and troops enter Manchuria and Outer Mongolia.
  • An American plane drops a plutonium-based atomic bomb over the Urakami suburb of Nagasaki, Japan, off-target by three miles. Estimated dead are 38-70,000.
  • Emperor Hirohito announces the surrender of Japan.
September
  • Japan signs official surrender, accepted by General Douglas MacArthur on the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
Rob
Artist Research-El Lissitzky
El Lissitzky was born Eleazar Markovich Lisitskii in Vitebsk in 1890. From 1909 until 1914 Lissitzky studied architecture in Darmstadt. In 1919 Lissitzky became a professor at the art school in Vitebsk, where he met Marc Chagall and Kasimir Malevich. At that time Lissitzky turned to the Suprematist theory of art and the UNOWIS group, beginning to work on a series of abstract paintings he called 'Proun' ['For the New Art']. Between 1921 and 1925 Lissitzky worked in Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland but became a professor at the Moscow Art Academy in 1921. He founded the international journal 'Vesc' in 1922 and devoted himself increasingly to typography and exhibition design. Between 1923 and 1925 Lissitzky designed the 'Wolkenbügel' project [office blocks for Moscow, some with splayed legs straddling streets]. In 1925 Lissitzky returned to Moscow and taught at the post-Revolutionary art school Vkhutemas. Between 1926 and 1934 Lissitzky designed several exhibitions. Lissitzky worked on the journal 'The USSR in Architecture', for which Lissitzky and his wife, Sophie Lissitzky-Küppers, designed a great many issues. Lissitzky was a Russian avant-garde artist who did not limit himself to developing a form of abstract painting but rather extended the new functionalism to photography, book design, architecture and urban planning. His enormous versatility enabled El Lissitzky to forge links between the Russian Constructivists and Neo-Plasticism (De Stijl), the Bauhaus and Dada. As a painter and architect, Lissitzky was both personally and artistically close to the painter and architectural model-maker Kasimir Malevich. El Lissitzky died in Moscow in 1941.

Biography found at : http://www.el-lissitzky.com/



Friday 28 November 2008

research - beka







Lucian Bernhard Manoli Posters 1911












Lucian Bernhard CEG poster 1911

First part of my design research info - Beka

1910-1925  &  1940-1955

http://www.mkgraphic.com/basic.html

1910 - AEG (German General Electric); Peter Behrens, denounce Art Nouveau for a spare abstract neoclassicism; products, lighting fixtures, fans, advertising, graphics, and the firm's overall 'corporate image'.
1919 - Bauhaus - Walter Gropius, union of art and industry; other figures: Herbert Bayer, Marcel Breuer, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Laszio Moholy-Nagy, and Wilhelm Wagenfeld- [1933 - disbanded by Nazi]
1940 - Design business practice common; independent consultants
1939 - New York World's Fair - visual coherence and social harmony; Utopian dream
C. Postwar Europe
1944 - Council of Industrial Design; stifled creativity
1947 - Swiss design: Armin Hofmann, Emil Ruder, Kunstgewerbeschule Basel
 

http://graphicdesign.about.com/od/history/a/timeline2.htm

1917
James Montgomery Flagg designs famous “I Want YOU for the U.S. Army” poster. The poster, a self-portrait, was actually an American version of a British poster by Alfred Leete.

Monday 24 November 2008

Header!

Hope everyone likes the personalised header!!!

Beka 

Hey Groupies!!

Good start with the data upload Martha :)  keep it going.
I think we ended up agreeing to do all years didn't we?
Then t pick a few things from each category and year for the final timeline??

Comment with any suggestions guys

ciao x
Beka

General stuff for 1910-1916

1910-
April 21st - Mark Twain died.
May 6th - Edward VII of England dies, George V inherites the throne.
August 13th - Florence Nightingale died.
September 1st - The Vatican introduces a compulsory oath against Modernism.
October 11th - Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first president to ride in an airplane.
October 18th - Eleutherios becomes the Prime Minister of Greece.

1911-
March 8th - International Womens Day is celbrated for the first time.
May 11th - A Futurist exibition in Milan is the first efforts to make the groups theories concrete.
June 22nd - George V is crowned at Westminster Abbey.
July 24th - Hiram Bingham rediscovers Machu Picchu.
August 22nd - The Mona Lisa is stolen from the Louvre museum in France.
September 29th - Italy declares war on Turkey.

1912-
New Mexico and Arizona become official states of the USA.
January 28th - Jackson Pollock is born.
April 10th - Titanic sets sail from Southampton.
April 14th - Titanic strikes an iceburg.
April 15th - Titanic sinks at 2.20am taking 1500 lives.
August 23rd - Gene Kelly is born.

1913-
March - The House Of Romanov celebrates 300 years of ruling Russia.
March 18th - King George I of Greece is assassinated.
June 4th - Suffragette Emily Davison runs out infront of the Kings horses at Epsom, Derby. She dies 4 days later.
August 13th - Stainless steel is invented by Harry Brearly.
December 12th - Vincenzo Perugia attempts to sell the Mona Lisa in Italy. He is arrested and the Mona Lisa is returned to France.

1914-
World War I begins.
Austria-Hungry and Germany declare war on Russia.
Germany declares was on France.
Britain and Japan declare war on Germany.
Britain and France declare war on Turkey.
Josef Muller-Brockman is born.

1915-
March 19th - Pluto is photographed for the first time.
December 12th - Frank Sinatra is born.
December 25th - British and German forces leave the trenches for a football game in no-mans land.

1916-
The summer olympics in Berlin, Germany are cancelled.
January 29th - German zeppelins bomb Paris for the first time.
Febuary - Tristan Tzara 'founds' the art movement Dadaism.
May 21st - Britain introduces daylight saving time.

Refrences-
Wikipedia
The Graphic and Design timeline by Heller and Petit.

Martha.

Monday 17 November 2008

Time dates for everyone!

1910-1916 - Martha
1917-1922 - Beka
1923-1925 & 1947-1949 - Hannah
1940-1946 - Rob
1950-1955 - Fatima

Each person has 6/7 years to make a timeline about their individual researched subject.
We have decided to do this by hand on lined paper with drawn arrows [of different styles] going down the left hand side of the page along with the year. the information from each year is to be written to the right of the arrow and any images can be added down the right hand side of at the bottom.
This design allows for individuality and originality!!! so mark should luv it! :D
If you dont get it! Call someone!

x Beka

Monday 3 November 2008

Hey here are good books to look at, or at least to be put in bibliograpphy!

- 20th Century Design and Designers, Guy Julier, 1993 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London
- 20th Century Design, Catherine McDermott 1997 Carlton Books Limited
- Fashion and Fashion Designers, Georgina O'Hara Callan, 1986 Thames and Hudson Ltd
- Adressing the Century 100 Years of Art and Fashion, Hayward gallery Publishing London
- Graphic design Time Line, Steven Heller and Elinor Pettit, 2000 Allworth Press